Dr Helen Park, Head of Research, Meridian Labs
Climbing the evidence ladder
Every claim in a recommendation can be written at four levels. Each step up gives the reader more to believe. Strong letters keep most sentences on the top two rungs. Step through the ladder below.
Five sections, one full letter
A complete job recommendation for a former team member. Choose a section to highlight it in the letter and see why it is there.
Dr Helen Park, Head of Research, Meridian Labs
What each reader is looking for
| Letter for | The reader wants to know | Evidence to include | Guide |
|---|---|---|---|
| A job | Can this person do the work, and will they fit the team? | Results at work, how they handle pressure, how colleagues see them. | Strong recommendation letters |
| College | Will this student thrive here and add to our community? | Curiosity, growth over time, a classroom moment, character. | College recommendation letters |
| Graduate school | Is this applicant ready for independent, advanced study? | Research skill, original thinking, a comparison with past students. | Graduate school templates |
Comparative framing
Admissions panels and senior hiring managers read hundreds of letters. A comparison with a clear reference group (the people you are comparing against) tells them where the candidate stands.
| Comparative sentence | Reference group | Ranking |
|---|---|---|
| “In twenty years of teaching chemistry, I have met perhaps five students with her instinct for experiments.” | Chemistry students over 20 years | One of about five |
| “She is the strongest writer among the 60 interns our department has hosted.” | 60 department interns | First |
| “I would place him in the top 5% of the engineers I have managed.” | Engineers the writer has managed | Top 5% |
| “Of everyone I have recommended for this fellowship, she is the one I am most confident about.” | Past fellowship candidates | Most confident |
When to say no
If you cannot write a strong, specific letter, say so early. A lukewarm recommendation hurts more than no letter at all, and the person still has time to ask someone else.
Submitting the letter
| Step | What to check |
|---|---|
| Format | On headed paper or with your full title, dated and signed |
| Portal or email | Many applications use an online portal that emails you a link; check the deadline in that email |
| Confidentiality | If the candidate waived the right to see it, do not send them a copy |
| Confirmation | Tell the candidate once it is submitted, so they are not left wondering |
If you are the one asking
Make the letter easy to write well. Ask by email at least four weeks before the deadline, and attach a short brief so your recommender has every fact to hand.
Guides on recommendation letters
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